Each cell shows the word in its own script, then an easy pronunciation in gold, then the scholarly transliteration in small italics. Scroll sideways on a narrow screen. "Not verified" means we could not confirm the form and have left it empty on purpose. See the guide for the key.
English
Arabic
Hebrew
Aramaic (Syriac)
Mandaic
ܫܠܡܐ
shla-ma
šlāmā
wikt · Peshitta Luke 24:36
The Arabic s corresponds to š (sh) in the other three. The Mandaic form is attested in Mandaean texts and in the Wikipedia article on the root Š-L-M. As-Salām is also one of the names of God in the Quran (59:23).
peace be upon yous-l-m / š-l-m + ʿal
اَلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ
as-sa-laa-mu a-lay-kum
as-salāmu ʿalaykum
שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם
sha-lom a-lay-khem
šālôm ʿălêḵem
later Jewish idiom
ܫܠܡܐ ܥܡܟܘܢ
shla-ma am-khon
šlāmā ʿamḵōn
“peace with you”
Peshitta Luke 24:36
script not verified
shla-ma al-ak
šlama ʿlak
“peace be with thee” (singular)
Arabic and Hebrew say “upon you” with the same little word ʿal / ʿalê. The Bible itself says šālôm lākem, “peace to you” (Gen 43:23); šālôm ʿălêḵem is the later Jewish form. Syriac says “with you” (ʿam). The Mandaic form is from the Mandaic dictionary (Gy 141:22).
in peaceb- + s-l-m / š-l-m
بِسَلَام
bi-sa-laam
bi-salām
בְּשָׁלוֹם
be-sha-lom
bĕšālôm
Peshitta Gen 15:15
ܒܫܠܡܐ
b-shla-ma
bšlāmā
Peshitta Mark 5:34
script not verified
b-shlam
bšlam
“in peace”
The prefix b- (“in, with”) is the same in all four. Compare Quran 11:48, bi-salāmin.
to complete, hand over, submit (causative stem)š-l-m
أَسْلَمَ
as-la-ma
ʾaslama
to submit; to become Muslim
הִשְׁלִים
hish-lim
hišlîm
to complete, finish
ܐܫܠܡ
ash-lem
ʾašlem
to hand over, deliver up
Peshitta Matt 10:4 (d-ašlemeh)
not verified
Arabic ʾaslama and Hebrew hišlîm are the same verb stem (the causative) of the root that gives “peace”. The senses (submit, complete, hand over) are neighbours, not identical. Syriac ʾašlem is shown from Matthew 10:4 in the Peshitta.
ܒܪܟܐ
bra-kha
bərāḵā
blessing
script not verified
bra-ka
braka
“benediction” (also birkta)
Syriac also has burkāṯā for “blessing” (Peshitta, Gal 3:14).
ܒܪܟ
ba-rek
barrek
wikt · Peshitta Luke 1:68 (mbarrak)
script not verified
brak
brak
attested form: “they blessed”
The Hebrew and Syriac verbs are the intensive stem (the same doubling as Arabic bāraka, which is stem III). We list each language in its usual form of the verb.
مُبَارَك
mu-baa-rak
mubārak
ܒܪܝܟ
ba-reekh
barīḵ
Peshitta Matt 21:9
not verified
Compare the Quran, 38:29 (kitābun mubārakun, “a blessed book”).
script not verified
a-meen
amin
“Amen”
Said at the end of a prayer in each tradition. The root ʾ-m-n means firm, trustworthy, to believe.
طَيِّب
tay-yib
ṭayyib
good, pure
ܛܒܐ
ta-va
ṭāḇā
wikt · Peshitta Matt 7:17
Arabic uses ṭāba, “to be good”, and ṭayyib. These belong to the same root family as the Hebrew ṭôḇ.
רַחֲמִים
ra-kha-meem
raḥămîm
ܪܚܡܐ
rakh-may
raḥmē
mercy (plural form)
wikt · Peshitta Luke 1:78 (b-raḥmē)
ࡓࡀࡄࡌࡀ
rah-ma
rahma
friend (the Mandaic dictionary adds mercy, love)
The same root gives “womb” in Arabic (raḥim) and Hebrew (reḥem), so “mercy” is, literally, womb-love. The Mandaic word means “friend” in Wiktionary and also “mercy, compassion, love” in the Mandaic dictionary.
صِدِّيق
sid-deeq
ṣiddīq
truthful, upright
צַדִּיק
tsa-deek
ṣaddîq
righteous
ܙܕܝܩܐ
zad-dee-qa
zaddīqā
righteous
Peshitta Matt 9:13 (l-zaddīqā)
not verified
Syriac and Mandaic write z where Arabic and Hebrew have ṣ (compare Mandaic zidqa, “righteousness, alms”, on the God and worship page). The Arabic senses lean to “truthful” (ṣidq, “truth”); the Hebrew and Aramaic senses lean to “just, righteous”. See Quran 19:41 (ṣiddīqan nabiyyan).
ritual formula “truth be your healing” (Mandaic only)k-š-ṭ + ʾ-s-y
no equivalent
no equivalent
no equivalent
ࡊࡅࡔࡈࡀ ࡀࡎࡉࡍࡊࡅࡍ
koosh-ta a-seen-kun
kušṭa asinkun
a Mandaean ritual formula, not an everyday greeting
Earlier we gave this as the Mandaic greeting. It is better described as a ritual formula. The everyday greeting is šlama (top row). The second word is built from asuta, “healing”. See the Kushta and Asut Malkia articles.